pashto made

[04.Jun.2020 - 14:29]

*pashto made easy*

 

1. let me start by sharing those pashto alphabets which are different than urdu:

ګ ـ ږ ـ ړ ـ څ ـ ځ ـ ډ ـ ڼ ـ ټ ـ ي ـ ې ـ ښ ـ ژ

 

2. Following pashto alphabets have same sound as in urdu:

 

ګ = گ

ړ = ڑ

ډ = ڈ

ټ = ٹ

 

3. difference in use of ې and ي

 

ې = ے in urdu

 

ي = ی in urdu

 

example

زمرې = زمرے

زمري = زمری

راغې = راغے

راغلي= راغلی

ولې = ولے

ولي = ولی

 

4. the alphabet ڼ in pashto has sound of nr or ن and ړ together.

Example:

باڼه eye lashes

رڼا light

پاڼه leaf/page

 

5. The alphabet څ in pashto sounds as س

Example:

څادر

څاروي

هیڅ

 

6. The alphbet ځ sounds as ز

Example:

ځیګر

ځائې

مینځ

ورځ

ځوان

some words are, however, written using ز like زمونږ، زما، زمرې ( have yet to fully understand where to use ځ and ز)

 

7. Next we explain some very interesting and unique alphabets of pashto which take care of the two main dialects of pashto namely the soft dialect spoken in areas of kandahar, southern pashtunkhwa and khattaknama and the hard dialect spoken in nangrahar, northern pashtunkhwa and yousafzai areas. There are quite a few variations in between but for ease of explanation we will mention the soft dialect as khattak's and the hard as yousufzai's.

these alphabets are:

 

ږ ـ ښ ـ ژ

 

We shall now take up these one by one.

 

8. the pashto alphabet ږ is pronounced as گ/ګ/ g by yousfzais and as ژ/ zh by khattaks.

 

Example:

ږیره beard

خوږ sweet

غوږ ear

پوهیږي understand

رغیږي do without

 

9. the pashto alphabet ښ is pronounced as خ /kh by yousufzais and as ش/ sh by khattaks.

 

Example:

پښتون

ښیګړه

پیښور

نوښار

ښه

لښکر

کرښه

 

However, where there is no difference between yousafzai and khattak dielects, خ and ش are used

 

Examples: راشه ,خوب ,

شعر ,خاوره

شهباز ,خوشحال

شیخ ,خیبر

 

In some words ښ is silent in some dielects and pronounced as ش in others.

 

Examples:

کښینه sit

کښې in

 

10. the pashto alphabet ژ is pronounced as ژ/ zh by khattaks and ج/ j by yousafzais.

 

Examples:

ژړا

ژوند

ژبه

 

this brings me to the end of my effort to make pashto reading and writing easy to understand. i hope that more proficient members would review and improve upon it.

this humble effort will not go in vain even if one member decide to learn

reading/ writing pashto.

 

وائي اغیار چې د دوزخ ژبه ده

زه به جنت ته د پښتو سره ځم

حمزه بابا

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بېرته شاته